What do phytochemicals generally protect the body against?

Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that have been studied for their potential health benefits. The primary reason that phytochemicals offer protection against cancer is due to their ability to influence cellular mechanisms in ways that inhibit the formation and growth of cancer cells. Many phytochemicals possess antioxidant properties, which means they can neutralize free radicals—unstable molecules that can cause oxidative stress and damage to DNA, potentially leading to cancer. Additionally, phytochemicals can also modulate enzyme activity, affect hormone metabolism, and influence genes related to tumor growth, further contributing to their protective role against cancer.

Though phytochemicals may have secondary benefits related to the other options, they are most prominently recognized for their protective properties in cancer prevention through a variety of mechanisms. This underscores the importance of incorporating a wide variety of plant-based foods into the diet to harness these protective benefits.